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general description the max5481?ax5484 10-bit (1024-tap) nonvolatile, linear-taper, programmable voltage-dividers and vari- able resistors perform the function of a mechanical potentiometer, but replace the mechanics with a pin- configurable 3-wire serial spi-compatible interface or up/down digital interface. the max5481/max5482 are 3-terminal voltage-dividers and the max5483/max5484 are 2-terminal variable resistors. the max5481?ax5484 feature an internal, non- volatile, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (eeprom) that stores the wiper position for ini- tialization during power-up. the 3-wire spi-compatible serial interface allows communication at data rates up to 7mhz. a pin-selectable up/down digital interface is also available. the max5481?ax5484 are ideal for applications requiring digitally controlled potentiometers. two end-to- end resistance values are available (10k ? and 50k ? ) in a voltage-divider or a variable-resistor configuration (see the selector guide ). the nominal resistor temperature coefficient is 35ppm/? end-to-end, and only 5ppm/? ratiometric, making these devices ideal for applications requiring low-temperature-coefficient voltage-dividers, such as low-drift, programmable gain-amplifiers. the max5481?ax5484 operate with either a +2.7v to +5.25v single power supply or ?.5v dual power sup- plies. these devices consume 400? (max) of supply current when writing data to the nonvolatile memory and 1.0? (max) of standby supply current. the max5481?ax5484 are available in a space-saving (3mm x 3mm), 16-pin tqfn, or a 14-pin tssop pack- age and are specified over the extended (-40? to +85?) temperature range. applications features ? 1024 tap positions ? power-on recall of wiper position from nonvolatile memory ? 16-pin (3mm x 3mm x 0.8mm) tqfn or 14-pin tssop package ? 35ppm/? end-to-end resistance temperature coefficient ? 5ppm/? ratiometric temperature coefficient ? 10k ? and 50k ? end-to-end resistor values ? pin-selectable spi-compatible serial interface or up/down digital interface ? 1 a (max) standby current ? single +2.7v to +5.25v supply operation ? dual ?.5v supply operation max5481?ax5484 10-bit, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers ________________________________________________________________ maxim integrated products 1 ordering information 16 15 14 13 v ss n.c. v dd gnd 9 10 11 12 spi/ud din(u/d) sclk(inc) cs 4 3 2 1 n.c. l w h 5 6 7 8 n.c. n.c. n.c. v ss interface top view tqfn *see functional diagram 16 15 14 13 v ss n.c. v dd gnd 9 10 11 12 spi/ud din(u/d) sclk(inc) cs 4 3 2 1 n.c. l w d.n.c. 5 6 7 8 n.c. n.c. n.c. v ss max5483 max5484 interface tqfn max5481* max5482* pin configurations 19-3708; rev 4; 12/07 for pricing delivery, and ordering information please contact maxim direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit maxim? website at www.maxim-ic.com. part pin-package pkg code top mark max5481 ete 16 tqfn-ep* t1633f-3 acp max5481eud 14 tssop u14-1 selector guide appears at end of data sheet. spi is a trademark of motorola, inc. note: all devices are specified over the -40c to +85? operating temperature range. * ep = exposed pad. ordering information continued at end of data sheet. pin configurations continued at end of data sheet. gain and offset adjustment lcd contrast adjustment pressure sensors low-drift programmable gain amplifiers mechanical potentiometer replacement
max5481?ax5484 10-bit, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ absolute maximum ratings stresses beyond those listed under ?bsolute maximum ratings?may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress rating s only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specificatio ns is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. v dd to gnd ...........................................................-0.3v to +6.0v v ss to gnd............................................................-3.5v to +0.3v v dd to v ss .............................................................-0.3v to +6.0v h, l, w to v ss ..................................(v ss - 0.3v) to (v dd + 0.3v) cs , sclk( inc ), din(u/ d ), spi/ ud to gnd ..-0.3v to (v dd + 0.3v) maximum continuous current into h, l, and w max5481/max5483.........................................................?ma max5482/max5484......................................................?.0ma maximum current into any other pin ...............................?0ma continuous power dissipation (t a = +70?) 16-pin tqfn (derate 17.5mw/? above +70?) .....1398.6mw 14-pin tssop (derate 9.1mw/? above +70?) ..........727mw operating temperature range ...........................-40? to +85? junction temperature ......................................................+150? storage temperature range .............................-60? to +150? lead temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300? electrical characteristics (v dd = +2.7v to +5.25v, v ss = gnd = 0, v h = v dd , v l = 0, t a = -40? to +85?, unless otherwise noted. typical values are at v dd = +5.0v, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) (note 1) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units dc performance (max5481/max5482 programmable voltage-divider) resolution n 10 bits v dd = 2.7v ? integral nonlinearity (note 2) inl v dd = 5v ? lsb v dd = 2.7v ? differential nonlinearity (note 2) dnl v dd = 5v ? lsb end-to-end resistance temperature coefficient tc r 35 ppm/? ratiometric resistance temperature coefficient 5 ppm/? max5481 -4 -2.5 0 full-scale error fse max5482 -4 -0.75 0 lsb max5481 0 +3.3 +5 zero-scale error zse max5482 0 +1.45 +5 lsb max5481 7.5 10 12.5 end-to-end resistance r h-l max5482 37.5 50 62.5 k ? wiper capacitance c w 60 pf max5481 6.3 resistance from w to l and h w at code = 15, h and l shorted to v ss , measure resistance from w to h, figures 1 and 2 max5482 25 k ? dc performance (max5483/max5484 variable resistor) resolution n 10 bits v dd = 2.7v -1.6 v dd = 3v -4 -1.4 +4 integral nonlinearity (note 3) inl_r v dd = 5v -4 -1.3 +4 lsb v dd = 2.7v +0.45 v dd = 3v -1 +0.4 +1 differential nonlinearity (note 3) dnl_r v dd = 5v -1 +0.35 +1 lsb variable-resistor temperature coefficient tc vr v dd = 3v to 5.25v; code = 128 to 1024 35 ppm/?
max5481?ax5484 10-bit, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 electrical characteristics (continued) (v dd = +2.7v to +5.25v, v ss = gnd = 0, v h = v dd , v l = 0, t a = -40? to +85?, unless otherwise noted. typical values are at v dd = +5.0v, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) (note 1) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units max5483 7.5 10 12.5 k ? full-scale wiper-to-end resistance r w-l max5484 37.5 50 62.5 k ? max5483 70 zero-scale resistor error r z code = 0 max5484 110 ? wiper resistance r w v dd 3v (note 4) 50 ? wiper capacitance c w 60 pf digital inputs ( cs , sclk( inc ), din(u/ d ), spi/ ud ) (note 5) v dd = +3.6v to +5.25v 2.4 single-supply operation v dd = +2.7v to +3.6v 0.7 x v dd input-high voltage v ih dual-supply operation v dd = +2.5v, v ss = -2.5v 2.0 v single-supply operation v dd = +2.7v to +5.25v 0.8 input-low voltage v il dual-supply operation v dd = +2.5v, v ss = -2.5v 0.6 v input leakage current i in ? ? input capacitance c in 5pf dynamic characteristics max5481 250 wiper -3db bandwidth wiper at code = 01111 01111, c lw = 10pf max5482 50 khz max5481 0.026 total harmonic distortion thd v dd = 3v, wiper at code = 01111 01111, 1v rms at 10khz is applied at h, 10pf load on w max5482 0.03 % nonvolatile memory reliability data retention t a = +85? 50 years t a = +25? 200,000 endurance t a = +85? 50,000 stores power supply single-supply voltage v dd v ss = gnd = 0 2.70 5.25 v v dd gnd = 0 2.50 5.25 dual-supply voltage v ss v dd - v ss 5.25v -2.5 -0.2 v average programming current i pg during nonvolatile write; digital inputs = v dd or gnd 220 400 ? peak programming current during nonvolatile write only; digital inputs = v dd or gnd 4ma standby current i dd digital inputs = v dd or gnd, t a = +25? 0.6 1 a
max5481?ax5484 10-bit, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers 4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ timing characteristics (v dd = +2.7v to +5.25v, v ss = gnd = 0, v h = v dd , v l = 0, t a = -40? to +85?, unless otherwise noted. typical values are at v dd = +5.0v, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) (note 1) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units analog section max5481 5 wiper settling time (note 6) t s max5482 22 ? spi-compatible serial interface (figure 3) sclk frequency f sclk 7 mhz sclk clock period t cp 140 ns sclk pulse-width high t ch 60 ns sclk pulse-width low t cl 60 ns cs fall to sclk rise setup t css 60 ns sclk rise to cs rise hold t csh 0ns din to sclk setup t ds 40 ns din hold after sclk t dh 0ns sclk rise to cs fall delay t cs0 15 ns cs rise to sclk rise hold t cs1 60 ns cs pulse-width high t csw 150 ns write nv register busy time t busy 12 ms up/down digital interface (figure 8) cs to inc setup t ci 25 ns inc high to u/ d change t id 20 ns u/ d to inc setup t di 25 ns inc low period t il 25 ns inc high period t ih 25 ns inc inactive to cs inactive t ic 50 ns cs deselect time (store) t cph 50 ns inc cycle time t cyc 50 ns inc active to cs inactive t ik 50 ns wiper store cycle t wsc 12 ms note 1: 100% production tested at t a = +25? and t a = +85?. guaranteed by design to t a = -40?. note 2: the dnl and inl are measured with the device configured as a voltage-divider with h = v dd and l = v ss . the wiper termi- nal (w) is unloaded and measured with a high-input-impedance voltmeter. note 3: the dnl_r and inl_r are measured with d.n.c. unconnected and l = v ss = 0. for v dd = 5v, the wiper terminal is driven with a source current of i w = 80? for the 50k ? device and 400? for the 10k ? device. for v dd = 3v, the wiper terminal is driven with a source current of 40? for the 50k ? device and 200? for the 10k ? device. note 4: the wiper resistance is measured using the source currents given in note 3. note 5: the device draws higher supply current when the digital inputs are driven with voltages between (v dd - 0.5v) and (gnd + 0.5v). see supply current vs. digital input voltage in the typical operating characteristics . note 6: wiper settling test condition uses the voltage-divider configuration with a 10pf load on w. transition code from 00000 00000 to 01111 01111 and measure the time from cs going high to the wiper voltage settling to within 0.5% of its final value.
max5481?ax5484 10-bit, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 -1.0 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 -0.4 0.2 0 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.0 0 256 384 128 512 640 768 896 1024 dnl vs. code (max5483) max5481 toc01 code dnl (lsb) v dd = 2.7v -1.0 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 -0.4 0.2 0 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.0 0 256 384 128 512 640 768 896 1024 dnl vs. code (max5483) max5481 toc02 code dnl (lsb) v dd = 5v -2.0 -1.0 -1.5 0 -0.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 inl vs. code (max5483) max5481 toc03 inl (lsb) v dd = 2.7v 0 256 384 128 512 640 768 896 1024 code -2.0 -1.0 -1.5 0 -0.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 inl vs. code (max5483) max5481 toc04 inl (lsb) v dd = 3v 0 256 384 128 512 640 768 896 1024 code -2.0 -1.0 -1.5 0 -0.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 inl vs. code (max5483) max5481 toc05 inl (lsb) v dd = 5v 0 256 384 128 512 640 768 896 1024 code -1.0 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 -0.4 0.2 0 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.0 0 256 384 128 512 640 768 896 1024 dnl vs. code (max5481) max5481 toc06 code dnl (lsb) v dd = 2.7v -1.0 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 -0.4 0.2 0 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.0 0 256 384 128 512 640 768 896 1024 dnl vs. code (max5481) max5481 toc07 code dnl (lsb) v dd = 5v -1.0 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 -0.4 0.2 0 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.0 0 256 384 128 512 640 768 896 1024 inl vs. code (max5481) max5481 toc08 code inl (lsb) v dd = 2.7v -1.0 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 -0.4 0.2 0 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.0 0 256 384 128 512 640 768 896 1024 inl vs. code (max5481) max5481 toc09 code inl (lsb) v dd = 5v typical operating characteristics (v dd = 5.0v, v ss = 0, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.)
max5481?ax5484 10-bit, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers 6 _______________________________________________________________________________________ -1.0 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 -0.4 0.2 0 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.0 0 256 384 128 512 640 768 896 1024 dnl vs. code (max5484) max5481 toc10 code dnl (lsb) v dd = 2.7v -1.0 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 -0.4 0.2 0 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.0 0 256 384 128 512 640 768 896 1024 dnl vs. code (max5484) max5481 toc11 code dnl (lsb) v dd = 5v -1.0 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 -0.4 0.2 0 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.0 0 256 384 128 512 640 768 896 1024 inl vs. code (max5484) max5481 toc12 code inl (lsb) v dd = 2.7v -1.0 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 -0.4 0.2 0 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.0 0 256 384 128 512 640 768 896 1024 inl vs. code (max5484) max5481 toc13 code inl (lsb) v dd = 5v -1.0 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 -0.4 0.2 0 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.0 0 256 384 128 512 640 768 896 1024 dnl vs. code (max5482) max5481 toc14 code dnl (lsb) v dd = 2.7v -1.0 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 -0.4 0.2 0 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.0 0 256 384 128 512 640 768 896 1024 dnl vs. code (max5482) max5481 toc15 code dnl (lsb) v dd = 5v -1.0 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 -0.4 0.2 0 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.0 0 256 384 128 512 640 768 896 1024 inl vs. code (max5482) max5481 toc16 code inl (lsb) v dd = 2.7v -1.0 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 -0.4 0.2 0 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.0 0 256 384 128 512 640 768 896 1024 inl vs. code (max5482) max5481 toc17 code inl (lsb) v dd = 5v 0 20 10 40 30 50 60 70 80 wiper resistance vs. code (variable resistor, t a = -40 c) max5481 toc18 r w ( ? ) 0 256 384 128 512 640 768 896 1024 code typical operating characteristics (continued) (v dd = 5.0v, v ss = 0, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.)
max5481?ax5484 10-bit, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 0 20 10 40 30 50 60 70 80 wiper resistance vs. code (variable resistor, t a = +25 c) max5481 toc19 r w ( ? ) 0 256 384 128 512 640 768 896 1024 code 0 20 10 40 30 50 60 70 80 wiper resistance vs. code (variable resistor, t a = +85 c) max5481 toc20 r w ( ? ) 0 256 384 128 512 640 768 896 1024 code 0 10 30 20 50 60 40 70 w-to-l resistance vs. code (max5484) max5481 toc21 r wl (k ? ) 0 256 384 128 512 640 768 896 1024 code 0 2 6 4 10 12 8 14 w-to-l resistance vs. code (max5483) max5481 toc22 r wl (k ? ) 0 256 384 128 512 640 768 896 1024 code 18.0 18.5 19.0 19.5 20.0 20.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 012345 wiper resistance vs. wiper voltage (variable resistor) max5481 toc23 wiper voltage (v) r w ( ? ) v dd = 5v code = 00 0000 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 end-to-end (r hl ) % change vs. temperature (voltage-divider) max5481 toc24 temperature ( c) end-to-end resistance change (%) -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 wiper-to-end resistance (r wl ) % change vs. temperature (variable resistor) max5481 toc25 temperature ( c) wiper-to-end resistance change (%) code = 11 1111 1111 0 0.3 0.9 0.6 1.2 1.5 -40 10 -15 35 60 85 standby supply current vs. temperature max5481 toc26 temperature ( c) i dd ( a) v dd = 5.25v digital supply current vs. digital input voltage max5481 toc27 digital input voltage (v) i dd ( a) 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 1 10 100 1000 10,000 0.1 0 5.0 v dd = 5v typical operating characteristics (continued) (v dd = 5.0v, v ss = 0, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.)
max5481?ax5484 10-bit, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ typical operating characteristics (continued) (circuit of figure 1, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) 1 s/div tap-to-tap switching transient response (max5481) v w (ac-coupled) 20mv/div cs 2v/div max5481 toc28 h = v dd , l = gnd c w = 10pf from code 01 1111 1111 to code 10 0000 0000 4 s/div tap-to-tap switching transient response (max5482) v w (ac-coupled) 20mv/div cs 2v/div max5481 toc29 h = v dd , l = gnd c w = 10pf from code 01 1111 1111 to code 10 0000 0000 wiper response vs. frequency (max5481) max5481 toc30 frequency (khz) gain (db) 100 10 1 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 -25 0.1 1000 c w = 10pf c w = 30pf code = 01111 01111 wiper response vs. frequency (max5482) max5481 toc31 frequency (khz) gain (db) 100 10 1 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 -25 0.1 1000 c w = 10pf c w = 30pf code = 01111 01111 thd+n vs. frequency (max5481) max5481 toc32 frequency (khz) thd+n (%) 10 1 0.1 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.0001 0.01 100 code 01111 01111 c w = 10pf thd+n vs. frequency (max5482) max5481 toc33 frequency (khz) thd+n (%) 10 1 0.1 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.0001 0.01 100 code 01111 01111 c w = 10pf 0 40 20 80 60 120 100 140 180 160 200 0 256 384 128 512 640 768 896 1024 ratiometric temperature coefficient vs. code max5481 toc34 code ratiometric tempco (ppm) 50k ? voltage-divider v dd = +3v t a = -40 c to +85 c 10k ? 0 100 300 200 500 600 400 700 variable-resistor temperature coefficient vs. code max5481 toc35 tc vr (ppm) 0 256 384 128 512 640 768 896 1024 code 50k ? v dd = +3v t a = -40 c to +85 c 10k ?
max5481?ax5484 10-bit, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 pin description pin tqfn tssop name function 1 12 h high terminal 2 11 w wiper terminal 3 10 l low terminal 4?, 15 7, 8, 9, 13 n.c. no connection. not internally connected. 8, 16 14 v ss negative power-supply input. for single-supply operation, connect v ss to gnd. for dual- supply operation, -2.5v v ss -0.2v as long as (v dd - v ss ) +5.25v. bypass v ss to gnd with a 0.1? ceramic capacitor as close to the device as possible. 9 6 spi/ ud interface-mode select. select serial spi interface when spi/ ud = 1. select serial up/down interface when spi/ ud = 0. serial spi interface data input (spi/ ud = 1) 10 5 din(u/ d ) up/down control input (spi/ ud = 0). with din(u/ d ) low, a high-to-low sclk( inc ) transition decrements the wiper position. with din(u/ d ) high, a high-to-low sclk( inc ) transition increments the wiper position. serial spi interface clock input (spi/ ud = 1) 11 4 sclk( inc ) wiper-increment control input (spi/ ud = 0). with cs low, the wiper position moves in the direction determined by the state of din(u/ d ) on a high-to-low transition. 12 3 cs active-low digital input chip select 13 2 gnd ground 14 1 v dd positive power-supply input (+2.7v v dd +5.25v). bypass v dd to gnd with a 0.1? ceramic capacitor as close to the device as possible. ep ep exposed pad. externally connect ep to v ss or leave unconnected. (max5481/max5482 voltage-dividers)
max5481?ax5484 10-bit, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers 10 ______________________________________________________________________________________ pin description (continued) pin tqfn tssop name function 4?, 15 7, 8, 9, 13 n.c. no connection. not internally connected. 1 12 d.n.c. do not connect. leave unconnected for proper operation. 2 11 w wiper terminal 3 10 l low terminal 8, 16 14 v ss negative power-supply input. for single-supply operation, connect v ss to gnd. for dual- supply operation, -2.5v v ss -0.2v as long as (v dd - v ss ) 5.25v. bypass v ss to gnd with a 0.1? ceramic capacitor as close to the device as possible. 9 6 spi/ ud interface-mode select. select serial spi interface when spi/ ud = 1. select serial up/down interface when spi/ ud = 0. serial spi interface data input (spi/ ud = 1) 10 5 din(u/ d ) up/down control input (spi/ ud = 0). with din(u/ d ) low, a high-to-low sclk( inc ) transition decrements the wiper position. with din(u/ d ) high, a high-to-low sclk( inc ) transition increments the wiper position. serial spi interface clock input (spi/ ud = 1) 11 4 sclk( inc ) wiper increment control input (spi/ ud = 0). with cs low, the wiper position moves in the direction determined by the state of din(u/ d ) on a high-to-low transition. 12 3 cs active-low digital input chip select 13 2 gnd ground 14 1 v dd positive power-supply input (+2.7v v dd +5.25v). bypass v dd to gnd with a 0.1? ceramic capacitor as close to the device as possible. ep ep exposed pad. externally connect ep to v ss or leave unconnected. (max5483/max5484 variable resistors)
max5481?ax5484 10-bit, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 max5481 max5482 spi/ud w 10 10 decoder 10-bit latch 10-bit nv memory por spi interface up/down interface mux din(u/d) sclk(inc) cs v dd gnd v ss l h note: the max5481/max5482 are not intended for current to flow through the wiper (see the max5481/max5482 programmable voltage-divider section). functional diagrams
max5481?ax5484 10-bit, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers 12 ______________________________________________________________________________________ detailed description the max5481/max5482 linear programmable voltage- dividers and the max5483/max5484 variable resistors feature 1024 tap points (10-bit resolution) (see the functional diagrams ). these devices consist of multi- ple strings of equal resistor segments with a wiper con- tact that moves among the 1024 points through a pin-selectable 3-wire spi-compatible serial interface or up/down interface. the max5481/max5483 provide a total end-to-end resistance of 10k ? , and the max5482/max5484 have an end-to-end resistance of 50k ? . the max5481/max5482 allow access to the high, low, and wiper terminals for a standard voltage- divider configuration. max5481/max5482 programmable voltage-dividers the max5481/max5482 programmable voltage- dividers provide a weighted average of the voltage between the h and l inputs at the w output. both devices feature 10-bit resolution and provide up to 1024 tap points between the h and l voltages. ideally, the v l voltage occurs at the wiper terminal (w) when all data bits are zero and the v h voltage occurs at the wiper terminal when all data bits are one. the step size (1 lsb) voltage is equal to the voltage applied across terminals h and l divided by 2 10 . calculate the wiper voltage v w as follows: vd d vv v vv w hl fse zse l zse () = + () ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ++ ? ??? ? ?? 1023 max5483 max5484 spi/ud h 10 10 decoder 10-bit latch 10-bit nv memory por spi interface up/down interface mux din(u/d) sclk(inc) cs v dd gnd v ss l functional diagrams (continued)
max5481?ax5484 10-bit, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 where d is the decimal equivalent of the 10 data bits writ- ten (0 to 1023), v hl is the voltage difference between the h and l terminals: the max5481 includes a total end-to-end resistance value of 10k ? while the max5482 features an end-to- end resistance value of 50k ? . these devices are not intended to be used as a variable resistor . wiper cur- rent creates a nonlinear voltage drop in series with the wiper. to ensure temperature drift remains within speci- fications, do not pull current through the voltage-divider wiper. connect the wiper to a high-impedance node. figures 1 and 2 show the behavior of the max5481? resistance from w to h and from w to l. this does not apply to the variable-resistor devices max5483/max5484 variable resistors the max5483/max5484 provide a programmable resistance between w and l. the max5483 features a total end-to-end resistance value of 10k ? , while the max5484 provides an end-to-end resistance value of 50k ? . the programmable resolution of this resistance is equal to the nominal end-to-end resistance divided by 1024 (10-bit resolution). for example, each nominal segment resistance is 9.8 ? and 48.8 ? for the max5483 and the max5484, respectively. the 10-bit data in the 10-bit latch register selects a wiper position from the 1024 possible positions, result- ing in 1024 values for the resistance from w to l. calculate the resistance from w to l (r wl ) by using the following formula: where d is decimal equivalent of the 10 data bits writ- ten, r w-l is the nominal end-to-end resistance, and r z is the zero-scale error. table 1 shows the values of r wl at selected codes for the max5483/max5484. digital interface configure the max5481?ax5484 by a pin-selectable, 3-wire, spi-compatible serial data interface or an up/down interface. drive spi/ ud high to select the 3- wire spi-compatible interface. pull spi/ ud low to select the up/down interface. rd d rr wl w l z () = + ? 1023 v fse v and v zse v fse hl zse hl = ? ? ? ? ? ? = ? ? ? ? ? ? 1024 1024 , max5483 (10k ? device) max5484 (50k ? device) code (decimal) r wl ( ? )r wl ( ? ) 0 70 110 1 80 160 512 5070 25,110 1023 10,070 50,110 table 1. r wl at selected codes code (decimal) r w-h (k ? ) 896 768 512 640 256 384 128 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 0 0 1024 50k ? device scales by a factor of five figure 1. resistance from w to h vs. code (10k ? voltage-divider) code (decimal) r w-l (k ? ) 896 768 512 640 256 384 128 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 0 0 1024 50k ? device scales by a factor of five figure 2. resistance from w to l vs. code (10k ? voltage-divider)
max5481?ax5484 10-bit, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers 14 ______________________________________________________________________________________ spi-compatible serial interface drive spi/ ud high to enable the 3-wire spi-compatible serial interface (see figure 3). this write-only interface contains three inputs: chip select ( cs ), data in (din(u/ d )), and data clock (sclk( inc )). drive cs low to load the data at din(u/ d ) synchronously into the shift register on each sclk( inc ) rising edge. the write command (c1, c0 = 00) requires 24 clock cycles to transfer the command and data (figure 4a). the copy commands (c1, c0 = 10 or 11) use either eight clock cycles to transfer the command bits (figure 4b) or 24 clock cycles with the last 16 data bits disre- garded by the device. after loading the data into the shift register, drive cs high to latch the data into the appropriate control regis- ter. keep cs low during the entire serial data stream to avoid corruption of the data. table 2 shows the com- mand decoding. write wiper register data written to this register (c1, c0 = 00) controls the wiper position. the 10 data bits (d9?0) indicate the position of the wiper. for example, if din(u/ d ) = 00 0000 0000, the wiper moves to the position closest to l. if din(u/ d ) = 11 1111 1111, the wiper moves closest to h. this command writes data to the volatile random access memory (ram), leaving the nv register unchanged. when the device powers up, the data stored in the nv register transfers to the wiper register, moving the wiper to the stored position. figure 5 shows how to write data to the wiper register. clock edge 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 24 bit name c1 c0 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 write wiper register 00000000d9d8d7d6d5d4d3d2d1d0x x copy wiper register to nv register 00100000 copy nv register to wiper register 00110000 table 2. command decoding* * d9 is the msb and d0 is the lsb. x = don? care. cs t cso t css t cl t ch t dh t ds t cp t csh t csw t cs1 sclk(inc) din(u/d) figure 3. spi-compatible serial-interface timing diagram (spi/ ud = 1)
max5481?ax5484 10-bit, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers ______________________________________________________________________________________ 15 figure 4. serial spi-compatible interface format action wiper register updated 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 12345678 910111213141516 1718192021222324 xxx xxx cs c1 c0 sclk(inc) din(u/d) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 a) 24-bit command/data word 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 c1 c0 b) 8-bit command word d1 d0 cs 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 cs c1 c0 sclk(inc) din(u/d) din(u/d) sclk(inc) figure 5. write wiper register operation
max5481?ax5484 10-bit, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers 16 ______________________________________________________________________________________ copy wiper register to nv register the copy wiper register to nv register command (c1, c0 = 10) stores the current position of the wiper to the nv register for use at power-up. figure 6 shows how to copy data from wiper register to nv register. the oper- ation takes up to 12ms (max) after cs goes high to complete and no other operation should be performed until completion. copy nv register to wiper register the copy nv register to wiper register (c1, c0 = 11) restores the wiper position to the current value stored in the nv register. figure 7 shows how to copy data from the nv register to the wiper register. digital up/down interface figure 8 illustrates an up/down serial-interface timing diagram. in digital up/down interface mode (spi/ ud = 0), the logic inputs cs , din(u/ d ), and sclk( inc ) con- trol the wiper position and store it in nonvolatile memory (see table 3). the chip-select ( cs ) input enables the serial interface when low and disables the interface when high. the position of the wiper is stored in the nonvolatile register when cs transitions from low to high while sclk( inc ) is high. when the serial interface is active ( cs low), a high-to- low (falling edge) transition on sclk( inc ) increments or decrements the internal 10-bit counter depending on the state of din(u/ d ). if din(u/ d ) is high, the wiper increments. if din(u/ d ) is low, the wiper decrements. the device stores the value of the wiper position in the nonvolatile memory when cs transitions from low to high while sclk( inc ) is high. the host system can disable the serial interface and deselect the device without stor- ing the latest wiper position in the nonvolatile memory by keeping sclk( inc ) low while taking cs high. upon power-up, the max5481?ax5484 load the value of nonvolatile memory into the wiper register, and set the wiper position to the value last stored. action 00100000 12345678 cs c1 c0 write nv register (device is busy) t busy sclk(inc) din(u/d) figure 6. copy wiper register to nv register operation cs din(u/ d ) sclk( inc ) w ll decrement lh increment lx no change h x x no change x x no change xl position not stored x h position stored table 3. truth table = low-to-high transition. = high-to-low transition. x = don? care. action 00110000 12345678 cs c1 c0 wiper register updated sclk(inc) din(u/d) figure 7. copy nv register to wiper register operation
max5481?ax5484 10-bit, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers ______________________________________________________________________________________ 17 standby mode the max5481?ax5484 feature a low-power standby mode. when the device is not being programmed, it enters into standby mode and supply current drops to 0.5? (typ). nonvolatile memory the internal eeprom consists of a nonvolatile register that retains the last value stored prior to power-down. the nonvolatile register is programmed to midscale at the factory. the nonvolatile memory is guaranteed for 50 years of wiper data retention and up to 200,000 wiper write cycles. power-up upon power-up, the max5481?ax5484 load the data stored in the nonvolatile wiper register into the volatile wiper register, updating the wiper position with the data stored in the nonvolatile wiper register. applications information the max5481?ax5484 are ideal for circuits requiring digitally controlled adjustable resistance, such as lcd contrast control (where voltage biasing adjusts the dis- play contrast), or programmable filters with adjustable gain and/or cutoff frequency. positive lcd bias control figures 9 and 10 show an application where a voltage- divider or a variable resistor is used to make an adjustable, positive lcd-bias voltage. the op amp pro- vides buffering and gain to the voltage-divider network made by the programmable voltage-divider (figure 9) or to a fixed resistor and a variable resistor (see figure 10). programmable gain and offset adjustment figure 11 shows an application where a voltage-divider and a variable resistor are used to make a programma- ble gain and offset adjustment. cs sclk(inc) din(u/d) v w t s t id t di t ih t il t cyc t ci t ic t cph t wsc t ik wiper position not stored wiper position stored notes: v w is not a digital signal. it represents a wiper transition. sclk(inc) must be at logic high when din(u/d) changes state. figure 8. up/down serial-interface timing diagram (spi/ ud = 0)
max5481?ax5484 10-bit, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers 18 ______________________________________________________________________________________ programmable filter figure 12 shows the configuration for a 1st-order pro- grammable filter using two variable resistors. adjust r2 for the gain and adjust r3 for the cutoff frequency. use the following equations to estimate the gain (g) and the 3db cutoff frequency (f c ): g r r f rc c =+ ? ? ? ? ? ? = 1 1 2 1 23 v out 30v 5v w l max5483 max5484 max480 figure 10. positive lcd bias control using a variable resistor v out v in r1 r2 r3 c w l w l max5483 max5484 max5483 max5484 figure 12. programmable filter v out w l max5481 max5482 max5483 max5484 v ref w h l v in figure 11. programmable gain/offset adjustment v out 30v 5v w h l max5481 max5482 max480 figure 9. positive lcd bias control using a voltage-divider
max5481?ax5484 10-bit, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers ______________________________________________________________________________________ 19 chip information transistor count: 20,029 process: bicmos part configuration end-to-end resistance (k ? ) max5481ete voltage-divider 10 max5481eud voltage-divider 10 max5482ete voltage-divider 50 max5482eud voltage-divider 50 max5483ete variable resistor 10 MAX5483EUD variable resistor 10 max5484ete variable resistor 50 max5484eud variable resistor 50 selector guide *see functional diagram 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 v ss n.c. h w sclk(inc) cs gnd v dd top view max5481* max5482* l n.c. n.c. n.c. spi/ud din(u/d) tssop 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 v ss n.c. d.n.c. w sclk(inc) cs gnd v dd max5483 max5484 l n.c. n.c. n.c. spi/ud din(u/d) tssop pin configurations (continued) ordering information (continued) part pin-package pkg code top mark max5482 ete 16 tqfn-ep* t1633f-3 acq max5482eud 14 tssop u14-1 max5483 ete 16 tqfn-ep* t1633f-3 acr MAX5483EUD 14 tssop u14-1 max5484 ete 16 tqfn-ep* t1633f-3 acs max5484eud 14 tssop u14-1 note: all devices are specified over the -40? to +85? operating temperature range. * ep = exposed pad.
max5481?ax5484 10-bit, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers 20 ______________________________________________________________________________________ package information (the package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. for the latest package outline info rmation, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages .) 12x16l qfn thin.eps 0.10 c 0.08 c 0.10 m c a b d d/2 e/2 e a1 a2 a e2 e2/2 l k e (nd - 1) x e (ne - 1) x e d2 d2/2 b l e l c l e c l l c l c package outline 21-0136 2 1 i 8, 12, 16l thin qfn, 3x3x0.8mm marking aaaa
max5481?ax5484 10-bit, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers ______________________________________________________________________________________ 21 exposed pad variations codes pkg. t1233-1 min. 0.95 nom. 1.10 d2 nom. 1.10 max. 1.25 min. 0.95 max. 1.25 e2 12 n k a2 0.25 ne a1 nd 0 0.20 ref - - 3 0.02 3 0.05 l e e 0.45 2.90 b d a 0.20 2.90 0.70 0.50 bsc. 0.55 3.00 0.65 3.10 0.25 3.00 0.75 0.30 3.10 0.80 16 0.20 ref 0.25 - 0 4 0.02 4 - 0.05 0.50 bsc. 0.30 2.90 0.40 3.00 0.20 2.90 0.70 0.25 3.00 0.75 3.10 0.50 0.80 3.10 0.30 pkg ref. min. 12l 3x3 nom. max. nom. 16l 3x3 min. max. 0.35 x 45 pin id jedec weed-1 t1233-3 1.10 1.25 0.95 1.10 0.35 x 45 1.25 weed-1 0.95 t1633f-3 0.65 t1633-4 0.95 0.80 0.95 0.65 0.80 1.10 1.25 0.95 1.10 0.225 x 45 0.95 weed-2 0.35 x 45 1.25 weed-2 t1633-2 0.95 1.10 1.25 0.95 1.10 0.35 x 45 1.25 weed-2 package outline 21-0136 2 2 i 8, 12, 16l thin qfn, 3x3x0.8mm weed-1 1.25 1.10 0.95 0.35 x 45 1.25 1.10 0.95 t1233-4 t1633fh-3 0.65 0.80 0.95 0.225 x 45 0.65 0.80 0.95 weed-2 notes: 1. dimensioning & tolerancing conform to asme y14.5m-1994. 2. all dimensions are in millimeters. angles are in degrees. 3. n is the total number of terminals. 4. the terminal #1 identifier and terminal numbering convention shall conform to jesd 95-1 spp-012. details of terminal #1 identifier are optional, but must be located within the zone indicated. the terminal #1 identifier may be either a mold or marked feature. 5. dimension b applies to metallized terminal and is measured between 0.20 mm and 0.25 mm from terminal tip. 6. nd and ne refer to the number of terminals on each d and e side respectively. 7. depopulation is possible in a symmetrical fashion. 8. coplanarity applies to the exposed heat sink slug as well as the terminals . 9. drawing conforms to jedec mo220 revision c. 10. marking is for package orientation reference only. 11. number of leads shown are for reference only. 12. warpage not to exceed 0.10mm. 0.25 0.30 0.35 2 0.25 0 0.20 ref - - 0.02 0.05 0.35 8 2 0.55 0.75 2.90 2.90 3.00 3.10 0.65 bsc. 3.00 3.10 8l 3x3 min. 0.70 0.75 0.80 nom. max. tq833-1 1.25 0.25 0.70 0.35 x 45 weec 1.25 0.70 0.25 t1633-5 0.95 1.10 1.25 0.35 x 45 weed-2 0.95 1.10 1.25 package information (continued) (the package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. for the latest package outline info rmation, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages .)
max5481?ax5484 10-bit, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers 22 ______________________________________________________________________________________ package information (continued) (the package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. for the latest package outline info rmation, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages .) tssop4.40mm.eps package outline, tssop 4.40mm body 21-0066 1 1 i
max5481?ax5484 10-bit, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a maxim product. no circu it patent licenses are implied. maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. maxim integrated products, 120 san gabriel drive, sunnyvale, ca 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 23 2007 maxim integrated products is a registered trademark of maxim integrated products, inc. max5481?ax5484 max5481?ax5484 revision history revision number revision date description pages changed 3 12/07 updated table 3 16

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